Analysis Of Mass Incarceration In Ava Duvernay - 1523 Words

Mass incarceration, particularly the disproportionate number of African Americans in prison, remains an issue that is both altogether settled, but at the same time unresolved. There still exists a pervasive idea that many people of color tend to be trouble makers, and thus are directly responsible for their own mass incarceration; however, this theory creates more questions than it answers. Furthermore, it does not address why mass incarceration continues even after it has been recognized as a serious socio-economical issue for several decades. Filmmaker Ava DuVernay proposes in her documentary titled 13th, that the mass incarceration of African Americans, as well as their frequent depiction as criminals, finds its roots in a thirteenth†¦show more content†¦To begin, the documentary argues that the cycle of African Americans becoming continuously depicted as criminals started with a clause in the thirteenth amendment, which explicitly states Neither slavery nor involuntary s ervitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction (13th amendment section 1). Several experts argue that this clause was actually intended to be utilized as a tool; and as a result, masses of African American males were arrested for petty crimes in order to be put back to work through convict leasing. Additionally, the movie Birth of a Nation created fear of the black man as a rapist of white women, which in turn gave power back to the KKK to advance their causes. As the cycle continues, many groups gained power by utilizing the fear of African American crime including the Democratic party through the use of Jim Crow laws, Nixon and the Southern Strategy, Reagan and the modern War on Drugs, as well as Bush and Clintons tough on crime platforms. Finally, through the political rhetoric of fear, outside establishments such as the Corrections Corporation of America and companies associated with the American Legislative Exchange Council have benefitted financially. Overall, the premises of her argument effectively demonstrate that people of color are not directly responsible for their own criminal image which is backed byShow MoreRelatedBeverly Daniel Tatum Describes Racism As A System Of Advantage1485 Words   |  6 Pagesvarious ways. In other words, blacks are considered less intelligent than whites. The incarceration rates have grown tremendously since the last time someone can remember. The largest jailer in the world is the United States. Philadelphia, however, has the nation’s highest incarceration rates. Surprisingly, 60% of them are still awaiting trial but 72% of them are black. Research has show’s that mass incarceration rates goes hand in hand with segregated cities. In â€Å"The City: Prison’s Grip on Black

The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger - 1104 Words

J.D. Salinger has written multiple novels, but his most famous is The Catcher in the Rye. Not only is this novel famous for its literary merit, it is also known as his most banned novel in certain schools. Even though this novel has been banned, J.D. Salinger’s themes and moralistic purposes serve literary worth. In The Catcher in the Rye, the reader is first introduced to Holden Caulfield, as first person narrator. He is a radically independent adolescent who tosses off judgments at ease unselfconsciously. The introduction scene is set where he is, voluntarily isolated from the rest, looking down upon a hill during a Pencey Prep football game. He then goes into introducing primary characters that impacted his life, such as, Mr. Spencer, Ackley and Stradlater. Later on that night, Holden leaves campus enraged with anger and hatred towards everyone and sets on an adventure to find himself in the city of New York. Throughout the novel, Holden goes on a pursuit in search of maturity, intimate love, moral innocence, and acceptance despite his hatred for phoniness. The Catcher in the Rye was banned and discriminated for multiple reasons, but the prime reason was the containment of â€Å"excessive use of amateur swearing and coarse language† and â€Å"overt sexuality† (â€Å"And Holden† Online; Kerr 49). Critics found the novel to be â€Å"wholly repellent in its mingled vulgarity, naà ¯vetà ©, and sly perversion† (â€Å"And Holden† Online). Despite the negative criticism, J.D. Salinger alsoShow MoreRelatedThe Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger637 Words   |  3 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye, by J.D Salinger, consists of many minor characters. There are more than about sixty characters in the novel in which only three of them are major characters (Holden, Allie, and Phoebe) and the rest minor. Many of these characters are just mentioned with no lasting impact on either the novel itself or Holden. Salinger uses minor characters in the Catcher in the Rye to tell the readers about Holden and his views about the world. The first minor character seen in the CatcherRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger654 Words   |  3 Pagesfirst questions that came to my mind when I received the first assignment notice that we would be reading The Catcher in the Rye for English class. The title is most likely the single most important word choice that the author must make. J.D. Salinger uses the title in the book to allude to more than just when Holden sees the young child singing. J.D. Salingers title, The Catcher in the Rye, alludes to the conflict Holden faces of sexuality when growing up. The first reference made to the titleRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger944 Words   |  4 PagesMany people have different aspects and impressions on a teenager’s life. Some say society is the problem for their misbehaviours while others say it is the child who is responsible. Catcher in the Rye by J.D Salinger tells a story of a teenage boy named Holden Caulfield who gets kicked out from school to school. He never pushed himself in academics or anything and ended up failing, at most, everything. He re-tells what happened to him in New York after he got kicked out of Pencey Prep and secretlyRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger1005 Words   |  5 PagesHolden Caulfield, the protagonist of J.D. Salinger’s classic coming of age tale The Catcher in the Rye, entices readers through his hyper-critical scrutinization of the post-war consumer world. The novel itself is acclaimed to be quite autobiographical; the similarities between Salinger and H olden are numerous. Holden is an avid critic of materialistic American ideals, and he aims to preserve innocence in others, and to save himself from falling into the land of adulthood. After failing out ofRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger862 Words   |  3 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye a novel written by J.D. Salinger, the book starts off with Holden Caulfield, main protagonist, talks about his experience alone the weekend before he went home after getting kicked out of Pencey Prep.Holden seems to be embracing the growing up mentality yet he is frighten of adulthood he is trying to keep his innocence. Holden’s attitude toward life in general is perplexed. He pretends to be an adult by drinking heavily, yet he complains like a child. Holdens thoughts arentRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger1515 Words   |  7 PagesIn the novel, The Catcher in the Rye, written by J.D. Salinger, Holden Caulfield is a very complex and interesting person to take into consideration and psychoanalyze. His various traits make him a different person from the rest of the phonies in the world. Holden says, â€Å"All you do is make a lot of dough and play golf and play bridge and buy cars and drink Martinis and look like a hot-shot. How would you know you werent being a phony? The trouble is, you wouldnt.† What Holden doesn’t realizeRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger798 Words   |  3 PagesCatcher in the Rye Essay Anyone who has lost a beloved relative to cancer or other illnesses can understand how difficult it is to return to a normal living routine and move on with their lives without the relative. In J.D. Salinger’s novel, Holden Caulfield has to deal with the loss of his younger brother to leukemia. A few years after his younger brother, Allie, passed away, Holden finds himself being kicked out of yet another boarding school, this one being Pencey Prep in Pennsylvania. HoldenRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger983 Words   |  4 PagesCatcher in the Rye Essay Throughout Catcher in the Rye there are a lot of small parts of the story where it would be linked to the book and to the text all together. J.D. Salinger created a lot of important passages that would be associated with what type of message that he was trying to convey to the audience. Salinger would develop certain characters like Phoebe through her description and actions to have a influence on Holden, thus causing him to change as a character and reveal sides of himRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger507 Words   |  2 PagesJ.D Salinger is a very known american writer whose literature became very popular. His books revolved around many ideas such as his view on children. Children in many of his books have an innocence that Salinger grasps onto and makes adults corrupt. Also, he shows how children are teachers to adults but can still be foolish. Purity in children are expressed throughout many stories by Salinger. In Catcher In the Rye, Holden repeatedly expressed â€Å"Did you ask her if she still keeps all her kings inRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger667 Words   |  3 PagesIn a J.D Salinger novel, The Catcher in the rye interprets the adolescent world full of patience and misery. Holden Caulfield, hardly being the complete opposite of a typical protagonist. Instead, being the archetype of an anti-hero facing adolescent over anxiety. He is a teenager forced to grow up in a time of turmoil with severe emotional handicaps placed upon him by family, friends and life in general. Caulfield sets himself on such a journey and is portrayed as an individual on a quest for validation

The Equal Protection Clause Of The Fourteenth Amendment

The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution was at first created to protect against racial discrimination, but the Supreme Court later expanded the clause to also providing equal treatment amongst different races. The clause says, â€Å"No state shall†¦deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws† (U.S. Constitution. Art./Amend. XIV, Sec. 1.) A person could not be discriminated upon solely because of his or her race and if the law treated a group of people differently, then a valid reason for the discrepancy of different treatment must exist. Racial minorities, but mainly women, have historically been subjected and made vulnerable to harsh restrictions on activities such as voting, attending college, and working as lawyers. These restrictions, based on stereotypes overlooked the actual capability and potential of each individual woman. For many cases dealing with discrimination of women, the Court looked to an other important element of equal protection, which stated that unfair treatment couldn’t be based on immutable distinctions, such as race and gender, because those fixed distinctions are uncontrollable and unrelated to ability. In the case of Frontiero v. Richardson, 411 U.S. 677 (1973), the Supreme Court was just one vote short of adopting gender as a suspect classification. In United States v. Virginia, 518 U.S. 515 (1996), women rights supporters were very pleased with the Supreme Court’s ruling and remainShow MoreRelatedThe Equal Protection Clause Of The Fourteenth Amendment976 Words   |  4 Pagesthe University of Texas with the claim that the University had violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 13th Amendment. The main question that arose in the question was, â€Å"does the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment permit the consideration of race in undergraduate admissions decisions†. The overall decision of the Supreme Court was that the University of Texas hadn’t violated the Equal Protection Clause, and in fact that they were permitted to consider race in the admissions processRead MoreThe Equal Protection Clause From The Fourteenth Amendment1137 Words   |  5 PagesThe Equal Protection Clause derives from the Fourteenth Amendment, which specifies â€Å"no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws†¦Ã¢â‚¬  As a part of the Reconstruction Amendments, the aforementioned clause was meant to ensure racial equality in the Reconstruction Period and has been applied successfully against the affirmative action. Introduced in United States v. Carolene Products Co., the strict scrutiny has been applied to the cases, in which a fundamentalRead MoreA Closer Look At The Fourteenth Amendment s Equal Protection Clause2421 Words   |  10 PagesMarkus Allard Professor Anne Redding Administrative Justice 245 20 November 2016 A Closer Look At The Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause Our 14th amendment is perhaps the most important amendment because it helps defend some of our fundamental rights. This amendment extends the due process procedure to all citizens when trying to deprive them of life, liberty, or property. The amendment also ensures that everyone born in the United States or naturalized is guaranteed citizenship. ThisRead MoreThe Fourteenth And Fourteenth Amendment1018 Words   |  5 PagesThe Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendment Want to learn how everyone is equal? On May 17, 1954 the United States Supreme Court came to a decision that had immediate repercussions on the lives of black and white American citizens. Historic moment experiences have continually characterized these people into distinct racial and social entities. The thirteenth and fourteenth amendment had a positive affect on the problem of racism and segregation.The thirteenth amendment was created to abolishRead MoreThe Road Brown V. Board Of Education Of Topeka ( 347 U.s.1455 Words   |  6 PagesHistorical Setting The road to Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (347 U.S. 74 (1954)), is littered with many Supreme Court cases that have battled for equality in education. The Fourteenth Amendment strengthened the legal rights of newly slaves and became the stomping ground for many Supreme Court decisions. There were six separate cases concerning the issue of segregation in public schools that was heard and consolidated into the one case named Brown v. Board of Education. The cases includedRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1552 Words   |  7 Pagescountry for over 200 years. The Bill of Rights, also known has the first Ten Amendments of the Constitution, has protected the unalienable rights of citizens in the United State. Selective incorporation was used in order to nationalize the Bill of Rights and protect the immunities, rights, and privileges of all United States citizens within the states. The success of Selective Incorporation, along with the 14th Amendment, ensured that states could not put in place any laws that took away the constitutionalRead More 14th Amendment -EQUAL PROTECTION UNDER THE LAW Essay939 Words   |  4 Pages EQUAL PROTECTION UNDER THE LAW In school especially, as well as throughout our daily lives, we learn in America to live by the idea of freedom and equality for all. We do not allow race, class, or creed to determine a person’s stature in the community. It may seem as if this is the standard of society, but these ideas of equality have been fought over since the beginning of written history, and even in America today, prejudice still exists. To address these and similar problems, the founding fathersRead MoreThe Rights Of State Governments And The Federal Government1442 Words   |  6 Pages1868, the Fourteenth Amendment was ratified stating â€Å"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, withou t due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protectionRead MoreEssay on Affirmative Action1018 Words   |  5 Pagesconsideration. The Fourteenth Amendment states that no person in the United States shall, on the ground of race, color, or national origin, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance. As a result, Affirmative action is not consistent with the Fourteenth Amendment. In this essay, I will first discuss the violation of Affirmative Action against the Fourteenth Amendment. Second, how AffirmativeRead MoreLoving V. Virginia, Introduction, Facts, Legal Background1567 Words   |  7 PagesLoving v. Virginia Interracial marriage: Respecting the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment. I. INTRODUCTION This case note will examine the 1967 landmark Supreme Court case of Loving v. Virginia. The Loving v. Virginia case touched on constitutional principles including equality, federalism, and liberty. Just over 30 years ago, it was a crime for interracial couples in Virginia to marry, or to live as husband and wife. Prior to the 1967 case of Loving v. Virginia

Sexual Orientation, Homosexuality, And Bisexuality

Sexual Orientation can be defined as the persistent pattern of romantic or sexual attraction to another. The opposing person who you are attracted to can either be of the opposite sex, the same sex, or to both sexes. Although these are the three main categories, there are sometimes minor categories that can be used to define sexual orientation as well. This could be where they may consist of being attracted to different gender identities, maybe innate objects, or may not even be attracted to anything at all. Whatever it may be, sexual orientation is not a choice and cannot be changed manually. The three main attractions are generally labelled under heterosexuality, homosexuality, and bisexuality. People who are attracted to members of the†¦show more content†¦These people have to face society when people constantly discriminate them on a large scale. This can so often have you feeling like you are alone in the world and lead to common mental health issues. Common mental health issues within them include depression, anxiety, substance abuse problems with family and relationship issues. So that all the people who are of other sexual orientations feel like they are not alone, they created the LGBTQ community. (McGarrity) The L stands for lesbians for the women who are attracted to other women. The G stands for gay men for the men who are attracted to other men. The B stands for bisexuals for the men and women who are attracted to both women and men. The T stands for transgendered. The term transgendered is a broad term that includes cross-dressers, transsexuals, and people who live their lives as the gender other than their birth gender. Transgender people can be straight, gay, lesbian, or bisexual. The Q stands for questioning meaning if someone who is questioning their sexual and/or gender orientation. People think that sexual orientation is something that is â€Å"caused† or â€Å"developed†. This is not the specific case because researchers can show that it is based on biological factors that are in place before birth. This means that it can come from studies of family histories and genes. Plenty of research has been conducted to determine the influence of genetics,

Entrepreneurship Economic Development

Question: Discuss about theEntrepreneurshipfor Economic Development. Answer: Introduction All over the world, the economic development has largely been heavily influenced and driven by entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship has been able to create new job opportunities and open up potential markets and impacted positively on the global economy. Most countries in the world are encouraging entrepreneurship among the youth and women to drive the economy. This assignment will focus on discussing the central concepts associated with entrepreneurship and how the concepts contribute to the national and global economy. Furthermore, the role of entrepreneurship policies and their contributions to the United Arab Emirates economy will also be enumerated. Concepts and Understanding of entrepreneurship According to Yetisen et al. (2015), entrepreneurship is the process of designing, launching and running a new business by offering a product or service. An entrepreneur is a person who can identify an opportunity, take risks and create a business to attain profits. Advancement in technology has fueled entrepreneurship by presenting many business opportunities in the field of technology especially information technology. The major role of an entrepreneur is innovation and taking risks to exploit an opportunity (Zhang, et al. 2015). Entrepreneurship has its challenges despite its benefits. For instance, lack of capital is the most common problem affecting entrepreneurship. Others include lack of experience, poor inventory, poor management, lack of financial management skills and inability to manage the growth of the business (Burdus, 2010). Entrepreneurship is influenced by several factors which determine its success or failure. These factors include globalization, demographics, development of new technology, the internet, etc. Contribution of Entrepreneurship to National and Global Development Entrepreneurship is being embraced by various governments to spur economic growth and create job opportunities for the youth. Entrepreneurship has been widely emphasized both in developed and developing countries as a mechanism to reduce the increasing unemployment rates. It is for this reason that entrepreneurial hubs and centers have been set up in the main cities around the world such as Silicon Valley in California, Shenzhen Hi-tech industrial park in China, silicon wadi in Israel, Tsukuba in Japan, and Suwon in South Korea among others. Many of the new business created by these entrepreneurial hubs have made a huge difference in the world such as Facebook, Google, Cisco Systems, Adobe, etc. from the Silicon Valley. For instance, the GDP of California, India, Taiwan, Japan and South Korea have increased and unemployment rates reduced in the last decades partly due to entrepreneurship especially in the technology and computer fields. Silicon Valley is ranked third in GDP per capit a in the world (MNM partners, 2015) The millennium development goals which were set by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the World Bank are majorly dependent on entrepreneurship to realize these aims, especially for developing countries. Some of the wealthiest individuals on in the world amassed their wealth through entrepreneurship, and they have contributed to global development through products that are life changing. Entrepreneurship Policies in the UAE and the Impact on the Economy The United Arab Emirates economy is the second largest after Saudi Arabia and traditionally based on petroleum and gas. The various governments in the Emirates have identified entrepreneurship especially research and innovation to develop the economy to counter the consequences of fluctuating oil and gas prices. This plan is based on established innovation hubs and technology parks in higher institution of learning. For instance, the United Arab Emirate of Abu Dhabi is planning on injecting US$300 billion to build high-tech institutions of learning to foster innovation (Khaleej Times, 2015).The United Arab Emirates government has come up with a national innovation strategy. The plan is based on education funding and youth training. The national innovation strategy prioritizes innovation in health, technology, transportation, clean energy; education and water (The United Arab Emirates, 2015).The Dubai Hub in Dubai and Dubai Education city are already under construction to boost innovation in technology and education respectively. Dubai hub brings together all innovators in the seven Emirates (The National, 2013).These change policies are having a positive effect on the economy which has seen megaprojects in hospitality, tourism and transport being completed and earning billions of revenues for the UAE government Conclusion Entrepreneurship is the best mechanism for fostering national and global development. Creditors and lenders should encourage entrepreneurship, especially among the youth by enabling them access capital so as to take advantage and realize real business opportunities. The United Arab Emirates is strategically positioning itself as the next innovation hub to spur entrepreneurship development. However, United Arab Emirates should improve its ease of doing business by getting rid of the bureaucracy. Moreover, the country should come up with policies to encourage and promote female entrepreneurs. References AK Yetisen., LR Volpatti., AF Coskun., S Cho; E Kamrani; H Butt; A Khademhosseini; SH Yun (2015).Entrepreneurship, Lab chip Burdus E. (2010). Fundamentals of entrepreneurship. International Comparative Management,Volume 11, Issue 1 Black, E., Burton, F. Greg., W, David, A., Zimbelman, Aaron, F. (August2010). Entrepreneurial success: differing perceptions of entrepreneurs and venturecapitalists. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, p.189-198Deakins, D.; Freel, M. S. (2009). "Entrepreneurial activity, the economy and the importance of small firms, Entrepreneurship and small firms, McGraw-Hill EducationS.X Zhang,J.Cueto (2015).The study of bias in entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice The United Arab Emirates (2015).National Innovation Strategy. Retrieved from https://https://www.uaeinnovates.gov.ae/docs/default-source/pdfs/national-innovation- strategy-en.pdf?sfvrsn=2

How Is ones Perception of the Absurd developed (through the Character of Meursault) in the Outsider Essay Example For Students

How Is ones Perception of the Absurd developed (through the Character of Meursault) in the Outsider? Essay Albert Camus, born on the 7th of November 1913 in Algeria, was a French journalist, author and philosopher. After World War I many Europeans lost faith and began to question certain aspects of life. Camus and various existential writers, such as Samuel Beckett, judged that life was mainly monotonous and grey and that the â€Å"loss of human ultimate certainties† occurred. Although Camus openly said: â€Å"No, I am not an existentialist†, mainly two philosophical notions can be found in The Outsider. Absurdism is â€Å"the belief that human beings exist in a purposeless, chaotic universe†, thus all efforts of humans to find rationality will ultimately fail as no such meaning in life exists. Another philosophy which is pervasive in the novel is existentialism, which is the belief â€Å"that people are searching to find out who and what they are throughout life as they make choices based on their experiences, beliefs, and outlook without the help of laws, ethnic rules, or traditions†. The Outsider is the story about Meursault, the narrator and protagonist, who, following a series of irrational events commits homicide and is put on trial. Through different key elements, like the character of Meursault and momentous situations, one is able to determine these tenets on the absurd and meaninglessness of human life. These elements play an important role of the perception of the philosophy woven into the content of the novel. Meursault and Camus both are part of an alienated ethnic group called the Pieds-Noirs, which neither belong to their native land France, nor their adopted country Algeria. They are alienated and rejected from society because of political reasons suc h as their responsibility for the defeat in the Algerian War. The awkwardness of how Camus character deals with emotional situations could portray the authors tendency to existentialism and absurdism. Therefore this paper will focus on the analysis of the portrayal of the Meursaults reaction and feelings towards 3the emotions of grief, love and guilt. By such the reader is trying to find evidence of philosophical tenets through the content of the novel. In the very first paragraph of the book, Meursault receives information about his mothers passing away. As the book also closes with an event of death, the novel is framed with a sad situation, as one would generally perceive it. â€Å"Maman died today. Or yesterday maybe, I don’t know. I got a telegram from the home: Mother deceased. Funeral tomorrow. Faithfully yours. That doesn’t mean anything. Maybe it was yesterday. The syntax is short, easily understandable, with caesura marking his dull process of thought. Such a situation normally establishes empathy within the reader, because one can identify with the thoughts and emotions of the protagonist. Meursaults reaction however contradicts the readers natural reception of death. Due to the authors repeated usage of the adverb â€Å"maybe†, one is not able to relate to the characters response. It remains uncertain whether Meursault hesitates to grieve out of an emotional shock, or out of lack of affection. This absence of emotion is underlined by the short and cold telegram, as the text is minimized and no word of condolence is stated. Normally the reader identifies with a grieving protagonist, how ever Camus achieves confusion by not allowing such. This is further highlighted by a second paragraph which situated after the funeral of his mother. Here Meursaults indifference and attitude towards death is clearly perceived. â€Å"It occurred to me that anyway one more Sunday was over, that Maman was buried now, that I was going back to work, and that, really, nothing had changed.† (Camus, p. 24) .u3ee824b36b6aaaeb090516e30f27f42c , .u3ee824b36b6aaaeb090516e30f27f42c .postImageUrl , .u3ee824b36b6aaaeb090516e30f27f42c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3ee824b36b6aaaeb090516e30f27f42c , .u3ee824b36b6aaaeb090516e30f27f42c:hover , .u3ee824b36b6aaaeb090516e30f27f42c:visited , .u3ee824b36b6aaaeb090516e30f27f42c:active { border:0!important; } .u3ee824b36b6aaaeb090516e30f27f42c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3ee824b36b6aaaeb090516e30f27f42c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3ee824b36b6aaaeb090516e30f27f42c:active , .u3ee824b36b6aaaeb090516e30f27f42c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3ee824b36b6aaaeb090516e30f27f42c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3ee824b36b6aaaeb090516e30f27f42c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3ee824b36b6aaaeb090516e30f27f42c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3ee824b36b6aaaeb090516e30f27f42c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3ee824b36b6aaaeb090516e30f27f42c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3ee824b36b6aaaeb090516e30f27f42c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3ee824b36b6aaaeb090516e30f27f42c .u3ee824b36b6aaaeb090516e30f27f42c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3ee824b36b6aaaeb090516e30f27f42c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: I Remeber Mama EssayCamus implies that for Meursault â€Å"nothing had changed†. This triggers the reader to conceive that Meursault is not grieving his mothers death. One could argue that it might have been the authors intention to leave the question about Meursaults past with his family open to the reader. Or does Camus animate the reader draw upon her own experiences? Another emotion that reveal Camus philosophical thoughts is love. Meursault shows a certain callousness towards his girlfriend Marie. The following paragraph creates a straight forward picture of the protagonists relationship. â€Å"A minute later she asked me if I loved her. I told her it didnt mean anything but that I didnt think so. She looked sad. But as we were fixing lunch, and for no apparent reason, she laughed in such a way that I kissed her.† (Part 1 Chapter 4) This might provoke a hostile feeling within the conservative reader. By definition, love is an â€Å"intense feeling of deep affection†, it can bring meaning and purpose into life. This contradiction implies that the protagonist is a loveless person. The reader is poised to perceive a sense of rejection towards Meursault; his lack of altruism seems to portray his meaningless attitude towards life. Yet again the reader can only empathize on a minimalistic base with the protagonist. This lack of identification creates doubt within of what the character of Meursault lives for. At this point one is able to see how Camus uses the notion of love and Meursaults indifference concerning it, to guide the reader towards re-thinking the purpose of life. During the interrogation after his arrest for homicide, Meursault is asked to recall the events. Here again the reader is exposed to Camus philosophical views. This time the notion of existentialism. The author uses the feeling of guilt and the characters unemotional perspective, is yet another way to shape the readers thoughts. â€Å"I realized that Id destroyed the balance of the day and the perfect silence of this beach where Id been happy. And I fired four more times at a lifeless body and the bullets sank in without leaving a mark.† (p 60) The fact that he shoots â€Å"four more times† at the corpse could emphasize again the detachment of Meursault from the world. What is his motive behind shooting at a dead body? Again Camus leaves his reader with a question, almost like an appeal to ones own consciousness. The author continues to trigger the readers comprehension of right and wrong. Camus states that Meursaults motivation behind the homicide was mainly circumstantial; the sun â€Å"burning on forehead† (P. 67) in combination with the sweat and â€Å"light† glinting of the gun. Despite the fact that Meursault was the knife in the Arabs hand, he pulled the trigger due to an uncomfortable feeling rather than threat of the weapon. It seems as though nature influenced his decision, and thus the murder. At this point Meursaults emotional detachment of the situation can be translated into some way of existentialism or the development of such. The philosophical idea on existence is later highlighted by the fact hat Meursault does not understand why it is â€Å"necessary† to have a lawyer represent him. Furthermore the author creates confusion with Meursaults motive for killing and the readers understanding of it. It does not seem logical for one that nature plays a great role in the decision for homicide. However Camus could impose this decision being based on the irrationality of the universe. Is nature a reason for murder or can there ever actually be an acceptable justification for murder? Therefore one can deduct that here Camus story to awake his audience, using the perception of his protagonist, to tell a fable on the absurd meaning of life. .u7054db73fb3651d8bd9697fb541da0a9 , .u7054db73fb3651d8bd9697fb541da0a9 .postImageUrl , .u7054db73fb3651d8bd9697fb541da0a9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7054db73fb3651d8bd9697fb541da0a9 , .u7054db73fb3651d8bd9697fb541da0a9:hover , .u7054db73fb3651d8bd9697fb541da0a9:visited , .u7054db73fb3651d8bd9697fb541da0a9:active { border:0!important; } .u7054db73fb3651d8bd9697fb541da0a9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7054db73fb3651d8bd9697fb541da0a9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7054db73fb3651d8bd9697fb541da0a9:active , .u7054db73fb3651d8bd9697fb541da0a9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7054db73fb3651d8bd9697fb541da0a9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7054db73fb3651d8bd9697fb541da0a9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7054db73fb3651d8bd9697fb541da0a9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7054db73fb3651d8bd9697fb541da0a9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7054db73fb3651d8bd9697fb541da0a9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7054db73fb3651d8bd9697fb541da0a9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7054db73fb3651d8bd9697fb541da0a9 .u7054db73fb3651d8bd9697fb541da0a9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7054db73fb3651d8bd9697fb541da0a9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Antigone - Creon as a Tragic Hero EssayIn the last part of the novel, Meursault is convicted of homicide and imprisoned. When he is put on trial, Camus creates a new important scenario, one could perceive as the crescendo of the novel and the fable. The courtroom symbolizes society and the trial its contradictions. â€Å"I thought my case was very simple† is what Meursault thinks of the trial. For the first time, the reader is not opposed towards Meursaults reaction or feelings. But his conversations with the magistrate reveal that the trial is in fact about the protagonists view of certain aspects of his life and not about the malicious shooting. This becomes clea r when Meursault confesses to the homicide. However for the magistrate and the courtroom it is more complex than this conviction; they want an explanation. At this point the reader again the tenet of the irrationality of the universe. There is no logical explanation for the court to try to understand his indifference. Meursault took the decision to kill a human being, and stands straight for it. On the other hand society cannot accept his motive, thus his honesty, as a valid justification behind the crime, which proposes such irrationality. They cannot interpret the child like behavior of the convict, and come to the conclusion that he has â€Å"no place in a society whose most fundamental rules ignored, nor knew nothing of the most basic human reactions† (2.4.) . In conclusion Camus makes it hard for the reader to deduct these philosophical notions